Physics

Cards (24)

• 1
  Front

  What is the kinematic equation relating final velocity, initial velocity, acceleration, and displacement (without time)?

  Back

  v² = u² + 2as, where v is final velocity, u is initial velocity, a is acceleration, and s is displacement.

• 2
  Front

  What does a position-time graph's slope represent in kinematics?

  Back

  The slope of a position-time graph represents the instantaneous velocity of the object.

• 3
  Front

  What is the acceleration of a projectile at the peak of its trajectory (ignoring air resistance)?

  Back

  The acceleration is still 9.8 m/s² downward (gravitational acceleration); only the vertical component of velocity is zero at the peak.

• 4
  Front

  State Newton's First Law of Motion.

  Back

  An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion at constant velocity, unless acted upon by a net external force.

• 5
  Front

  State Newton's Second Law of Motion as an equation.

  Back

  F_net = ma; the net force on an object equals its mass multiplied by its acceleration.

• 6
  Front

  State Newton's Third Law of Motion.

  Back

  For every action force, there is an equal in magnitude and opposite in direction reaction force acting on the other object.

• 7
  Front

  What is the difference between static and kinetic friction?

  Back

  Static friction acts on a stationary object preventing motion and is generally greater than kinetic friction, which acts on a moving object opposing its motion.

• 8
  Front

  What is the work-energy theorem?

  Back

  The net work done on an object equals the change in its kinetic energy: W_net = ΔKE = ½mv² − ½mu².

• 9
  Front

  What is the formula for gravitational potential energy near Earth's surface?

  Back

  PE = mgh, where m is mass, g is gravitational acceleration (≈9.8 m/s²), and h is height above the reference point.

• 10
  Front

  What does conservation of mechanical energy state?

  Back

  In the absence of non-conservative forces (like friction), the total mechanical energy (KE + PE) of a system remains constant.

• 11
  Front

  What is power, and what is its SI unit?

  Back

  Power is the rate at which work is done: P = W/t. Its SI unit is the watt (W), equal to one joule per second.

• 12
  Front

  What is the impulse-momentum theorem?

  Back

  The impulse applied to an object equals the change in its momentum: J = FΔt = Δp = mΔv.

• 13
  Front

  What is the law of conservation of momentum?

  Back

  The total momentum of a closed system with no net external force remains constant before and after any interaction.

• 14
  Front

  What distinguishes an elastic collision from an inelastic collision?

  Back

  In an elastic collision, both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved. In an inelastic collision, momentum is conserved but kinetic energy is not.

• 15
  Front

  What is the relationship between angular velocity (ω) and linear velocity (v) for circular motion?

  Back

  v = rω, where r is the radius of the circular path and ω is the angular velocity in radians per second.

• 16
  Front

  What is torque, and what is its formula?

  Back

  Torque is the rotational equivalent of force. τ = rF sinθ, where r is the moment arm, F is the applied force, and θ is the angle between them.

• 17
  Front

  State Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation.

  Back

  Every two masses attract each other with a force F = Gm₁m₂/r², where G is the gravitational constant (6.674×10⁻¹¹ N·m²/kg²) and r is the distance between their centers.

• 18
  Front

  What is the difference between a transverse wave and a longitudinal wave?

  Back

  In a transverse wave, the medium oscillates perpendicular to the direction of wave travel. In a longitudinal wave, the oscillation is parallel to the direction of travel.

• 19
  Front

  What is the relationship between wave speed, frequency, and wavelength?

  Back

  v = fλ, where v is wave speed, f is frequency, and λ is wavelength.

• 20
  Front

  What is resonance in wave physics?

  Back

  Resonance occurs when a system is driven at its natural frequency, causing a large increase in amplitude of oscillation.

• 21
  Front

  What is Coulomb's Law?

  Back

  The electrostatic force between two point charges is F = kq₁q₂/r², where k ≈ 8.99×10⁹ N·m²/C² and r is the distance between charges.

• 22
  Front

  What is electric current, and what is its SI unit?

  Back

  Electric current is the rate of flow of electric charge: I = Q/t. Its SI unit is the ampere (A), equal to one coulomb per second.

• 23
  Front

  State Ohm's Law.

  Back

  The voltage across a conductor equals the current through it multiplied by its resistance: V = IR.

• 24
  Front

  What is the right-hand rule used for in magnetism?

  Back

  The right-hand rule determines the direction of the magnetic force on a moving positive charge: point fingers in the direction of velocity, curl toward the magnetic field B, and the thumb points in the direction of the force F.