Public24 cardsby @donk

Human Geography

Population and migration, cultural patterns, political geography, agriculture, industrialization and economic development, and urbanization.

Cards (24)

1
Front
What is the demographic transition model?
Back
A model describing the shift from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country industrializes, typically moving through four or five stages.
2
Front
What is the difference between emigration and immigration?
Back
Emigration is leaving one's country of origin, while immigration is entering and settling in a new country.
3
Front
What are push factors in migration?
Back
Conditions that drive people away from their place of origin, such as war, famine, poverty, or persecution.
4
Front
What are pull factors in migration?
Back
Conditions that attract migrants to a destination, such as job opportunities, political stability, or family ties.
5
Front
What is the crude birth rate (CBR)?
Back
The number of live births per 1,000 people in a population per year.
6
Front
What is the total fertility rate (TFR)?
Back
The average number of children a woman is expected to have during her lifetime, assuming current age-specific fertility rates remain constant.
7
Front
What is cultural diffusion?
Back
The spread of cultural traits, ideas, or practices from one culture to another through contact and interaction.
8
Front
What is the difference between a language family and a language branch?
Back
A language family is the broadest grouping of related languages sharing a common ancestor; a language branch is a subdivision within a family sharing a more recent common origin.
9
Front
What distinguishes a universalizing religion from an ethnic religion?
Back
A universalizing religion actively seeks converts worldwide (e.g., Christianity, Islam, Buddhism), while an ethnic religion is closely tied to a specific cultural or ethnic group and does not typically proselytize (e.g., Judaism, Hinduism).
10
Front
What is a nation-state?
Back
A political unit in which the boundaries of a state closely align with the territory occupied by a particular nation or ethnic group.
11
Front
What is the difference between a unitary and a federal state?
Back
A unitary state concentrates power in a central government, while a federal state distributes power between a central authority and regional or local governments.
12
Front
What is the concept of supranationalism?
Back
The voluntary cooperation of multiple states that transfer some sovereignty to a higher authority, as seen in organizations like the European Union.
13
Front
What is the heartland theory in political geography?
Back
Halford Mackinder's theory that whoever controls the Eurasian heartland (Eastern Europe into Central Asia) would have the potential to dominate the world politically and militarily.
14
Front
What is subsistence agriculture?
Back
A form of farming in which crops and livestock are produced primarily to feed the farmer's own family, with little or no surplus for sale.
15
Front
What is the Green Revolution?
Back
A mid-20th-century period of agricultural innovation involving high-yield crop varieties, synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation that dramatically increased food production, especially in developing countries.
16
Front
What distinguishes intensive from extensive agriculture?
Back
Intensive agriculture uses large amounts of labor, capital, or technology on relatively small parcels of land to maximize yield; extensive agriculture uses less input per unit of land and typically involves larger land areas.
17
Front
What is von Thünen's model of agricultural land use?
Back
A model showing that agricultural land use is arranged in concentric rings around a central market city, with the most perishable or bulky products located nearest the city and less intensive uses farther out.
18
Front
What is Rostow's Stages of Economic Growth model?
Back
A five-stage model (traditional society, preconditions for takeoff, takeoff, drive to maturity, and age of high mass consumption) describing how economies develop and industrialize over time.
19
Front
What is the difference between a developed country (MDC) and a less developed country (LDC)?
Back
MDCs have high per capita incomes, advanced technology, strong infrastructure, and low poverty rates; LDCs have lower incomes, less industrialization, weaker infrastructure, and higher poverty rates.
20
Front
What is the Human Development Index (HDI)?
Back
A composite measure used by the UN to assess a country's development based on life expectancy, education level, and per capita income.
21
Front
What is deindustrialization?
Back
The decline of manufacturing industry in a region or country, often accompanied by a shift toward service-sector employment and resulting in economic restructuring.
22
Front
What is urbanization?
Back
The process by which an increasing proportion of a population lives in urban areas, typically driven by rural-to-urban migration and natural population growth in cities.
23
Front
What is a primate city?
Back
A city that is disproportionately large compared to the next largest cities in a country and dominates the country's economy, politics, and culture.
24
Front
What is the rank-size rule in urban geography?
Back
An observation that in many countries, the population of a city is inversely proportional to its rank; the second-largest city is about half the size of the largest, the third-largest is about one-third, and so on.

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